The comparison matrix

ScaleMeasuresItemsScore rangeClinical cut pointsBest for
PHQ-9Depression90–275 / 10 / 15 / 20 (mild / mod / mod-severe / severe)Low mood, anhedonia, suicidal ideation screen
GAD-7Generalized anxiety70–215 / 10 / 15 (mild / mod / severe)Worry, nervousness, anxiety screen
DASS-21Depression + Anxiety + Stress21 (3×7)0–42 per subscale ×2Subscale cut points (normal/mild/mod/severe/extreme)Separating stress from anxiety & depression
WHO-5Subjective wellbeing50–100 (reverse-scored)≤50 suggests reduced wellbeing; <28 indicates poorPositive mental health tracking
PSS-10Perceived stress100–400–13 low / 14–26 mod / 27–40 highLife-stress appraisal

Cut points and score ranges are the published, validated thresholds for each instrument. PHQ-9 item 9 screens for suicidal ideation and should always be taken seriously. Data sources: Kroenke et al., J Gen Intern Med 2001 (PHQ-9); Spitzer et al., Arch Intern Med 2006 (GAD-7); Lovibond & Lovibond 1995 (DASS-21); WHO 1998 (WHO-5); Cohen et al. 1983 (PSS). Retrieved 2026-08-11.

How to choose

  • Feeling down / anhedonia: start with PHQ-9; add GAD-7 if anxiety co-occurs.
  • Mostly worry / nervousness: GAD-7 is the focused screen.
  • Tense, irritable, overwhelmed: DASS-21 separates stress from anxiety and depression.
  • Tracking positive wellbeing over time: WHO-5 is the lightest, most repeatable.
  • General life-pressure check: PSS-10.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between PHQ-9 and GAD-7?

PHQ-9 (9 items, 0–27) screens for depression; GAD-7 (7 items, 0–21) screens for generalized anxiety. Both use the same 0–3 frequency scale. PHQ-9 cut points are 5/10/15/20; GAD-7 cut points are 5/10/15. Use PHQ-9 for low mood, GAD-7 for worry, and both for comorbid depression and anxiety.

What does DASS-21 measure?

The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report with three 7-item subscales measuring depression, anxiety, and stress separately. It separates "stress" from "anxiety," which PHQ-9/GAD-7 do not distinguish.

Are these screening scales a diagnosis?

No. These are screening and self-tracking tools, not diagnostic instruments. A clinical diagnosis requires evaluation by a licensed mental health professional. High scores indicate a reason to seek professional care.

If you are in crisis

You are not alone. These free, confidential services are staffed by trained counselors 24/7. If you are thinking about harming yourself, reach out now.

Moodfig is an educational self-tracking tool, not a substitute for professional care. See Mental Health Help (US) for licensed-provider directories and authority sources (NIMH, SAMHSA, APA, WHO).